National History Day in Missouri 2009
The Individual in History: Actions and Legacies
Possible Missouri Topics

The theme for National History Day 2009 is The Individual in History: Actions and Legacies. This list of Missouri-related subjects associated with that theme is intended to assist History Day teachers in helping students select topics for which primary source material might easily be available in local libraries and historical agencies around the state.

WRITERS

Missouri has a rich tradition of creative minds in all types of literature, from novelists to playwrights. The following are a few samples of those that came out of Missouri. In addition to their papers and biographies, researchers are advised to be familiar with their works as well.

Samuel L. Clemens

This Missouri native is recognized as one of the greatest writers of the nineteenth century. Better known as Mark Twain, he was also one of the first political satirists. William Faulkner dubbed him the "Father of American Literature".

• LeSueur, Stephen C. and Ron Powers. Mark Twain: A Life. New York: Free Press, 2006. A good, recent Clemens biography.
• Hoffman, Andrew Jay. Mark Twain: The Lives of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. New York : W. Morrow, 2006. A look at the personal tribulations of the man Samuel Clemens, as opposed to his alternate persona, Mark Twain.
• Twain, Mark. Twain's Autobiography, with an introduction by Albert Bigelow Paine. New York: P. F. Collier, 1924. Mark Twain's posthumously published autobiography.
• The Mark Twain Project. The University of California. The Mark Twain Project has over twenty full-text letters by Twain, with more being added soon.

Lester Dent

Born in La Plata, MO in 1904, Lester Dent wrote fiction for pulp magazines while working other jobs, and eventually wrote many adventure and mystery novels under his own and several pen names. He is most well known for the Doc Savage stories.

• Dent, Lester. Collection. WHMC-C/3071. This extensive collection contains the manuscripts, publications, correspondence, personal papers, research notes, scrapbooks, and photographs of Dent.
• McCarey-Laird, M. Martin. Lester Dent: The Man, His Craft, and His Market. West Des Moines, IA: Hidalgo, 1994. A Dent biography.
• Anderson, George Parker. American Mystery and Detective Writers. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005. Part of the Dictionary of Literary Biography series, this volume gives biographies of leading mystery and dective writers, including Lester Dent.

Langston Hughes

Born in Joplin, Missouri, this famous novelist and poet is best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.

• Hughes, Langston. The Big Sea: An Autobiography. New York: Hill and Wang, 1940. This text is the first of Hughes's two-volume autobiography.
• Hughes, Langston. I Wonder as I Wander: An Autobiographical Journey. New York: Hill and Wang, 1956.
• Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. This work is the definitive biography of Langston Hughes.
• Drafts of Langston Hughes's poem "Ballad of Booker T.," 30 May-1 June 1941. Digital images of the various drafts of Hughes's poem celebrating the life of the famous African-American author and educator. Search for Langston Hughes in the search box at top right.

Huynh Quang Nhuong

Quang Nhuong Huynh was originally from Vietnam and eventually lived and worked in Columbia, MO. He was an award-winning author of novels, short stories, plays, and screenplays.

John G. Neihardt

John G. Neihardt was author numerous works, including the epic A Cycle of the West, and Black Elk Speaks. He was poet laureate of Nebraska, literary editor of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch from 1929-1938, and an instructor and poet in residence at the University of Missouri from 1949-1965.

• Neihardt, John G. Letters. WHMC-C/3074, Papers, c.1858-1974. WHMC-C/3716, Papers, 1908-1974. WHMC-C/3778, Ephemera. WHMC-C/1267. These collections at WHMC contain the correspondence, newsclippings, manuscripts, audio and video cassettes, and more from Neihardt's life.
• John G. Neihardt: Poet of the American West. Western Historical Manuscript Collection-Columbia. This online exhibit highlights important aspects of Neihardt's life, writings, bibliography, and his collection at WHMC-C.
• Neihardt, Hilda Martinsen. The Broidered Garment: The Love Story of Mona Martinsen and John G. Neihardt. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Written by Neihardt's daughter, this text tells of how her father, the writer, and her mother, the sculptor, met, courted, and married.

JOURNALISTS

In addition to the journalists listed here, and many journalists from Missouri, WHMC-Columbia also holds the National Women in Media Collection which contains the papers of women journalists from across the United States and several journalism-related organizations.

Lucile Bluford

Bluford was a Civil Rights leader and publisher of the Kansas City Call, a weekly African-American newspaper. She was denied entry into the University of Missouri and took her case all the way to the Supreme Court in order to gain admittance.

• "Bluford Blazed Trail in Civil Rights; Former Editor of Newspaper Dead at 91". Columbia Daily Tribune. June 15, 2003. p 1. Obituary for Lucile Bluford in Columbia Daily Tribune.
• Lucile Bluford. Entry about Bluford in the African-American Registry.
• Famous Missourians: Lucile Bluford. State Historical Society of Missouri's Famous Missourians include an entry for Lucile Bluford, which also contains extensive links to primary and secondary sources about her.

Walter Cronkite

Cronkite was the lead anchor on the CBS Evening News for nineteen years. Opinion polls once referred to him as "the most trusted man in America." Cronkite covered several major historical events including the Kennedy assassination, the Tet Offensive, and the moon landing.

• Cronkite, Walter. A Reporter's Life. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1996. "Uncle Walter"'s candid autobiography. He talks of his early days in broadcasting in Kansas City until he retires from CBS news in 1981. He even discusses his dislike for the direction CBS news took under Van Gordon Sauter.
• Walter Cronkite on NPR. A series of audio essays in which Cronkite refelcts on the events that he covered while a news anchor.
• Voices from the Smithsonian Associates: Walter Cronkite, A Lifetime Reporting the News An interview with Cronkite by Smithsonian's Marc Pachter about Cronkite's career and thoughts about present-day journalism.
• Newseum War Stories: Walter Cronkite Features four interviews with Cronkite about his experiences reporting during World War II and the Vietnam War for the Newseum War Stories online exhibit.

Mary Paxton Keeley

Mary Paxton Keeley was the first woman graduate of the University of Missouri, School of Journalism, in 1910. She also received her master's degree there in 1928. She worked in many jobs as a journalist, teacher, playwright, poet, fiction writer, and photographer and was also friends with many famous Missourians of her time.

• Keeley, Mary Paxton. Papers, 1830-1983. WHMC-C/0848. This collection contains Keeley's correspondence; diaries; manuscripts for her articles, fiction, and poetry; clippings; audio cassettes; and photographs.
• University of Missouri Archives. Oral History Interviews, 1971-1978. UW:0/4/1. Contains the transcripts of oral history interviews with alumni and faculty important to University of Missouri history, inlcuding Mary Paxton Keeley.
• Notable Women of Missouri, Carlynn Trout, ed. Columbia, MO: Columbia, Missouri Branch of the American Association of University Women, 2005. Provides biographical information about several important Missouri women.

Charlotte Peters

Charlotte Peters was a television journalist and the first woman on television in St. Louis, from 1947-1970. She had her own hour-long musical variety show for many years.

• Peters, Charlotte. Papers, 1930-1977. WHMC-SL/0679. Peters's collection contains correspondence, newspaper clippings, sheet music, audiotapes, videotapes, and photographs, which chronicle her television career.
• Charlotte Peters shows. KSD-TV, 1950s. St. Louis Media Archives, St. Louis Public Library. Videocassette of clips from Peters’ shows.
• Indelible Images: Women of Local Television, Mary E. Beadle and Michael D. Murray, eds. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 2001. Chapter 13 of this text on women in television is about Charlotte Peters.
Schwarz, Patricia Peters. Charlotte!: The First Lady of Saint Louis Television. St Louis: Triangle Pub. Co., 1994. Biography of Charlotte Peters.

The Pulitzer Family

Joseph Pulitzer, Sr. founded what would become the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York Globe. He also established the Pulitzer Prize. Joseph Pulitzer II was a long-time editor of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and propelled the paper to the status it enjoys today. Joseph Pulitzer III continued his grandfather's legacy, publishing the Post-Dispatch for 38 years. His paper was among the first to oppose the Vietnam War.

• Denis, Brian. Pulitzer: A Life. New York: J. Wiley, 2001. Biography of the eldest Joseph Pulitzer from his immigration to America to his founding of a newspaper empire.
• Plaff, Daniel W. Joseph Pulitzer II and the Post-Dispatch: A Newspaperman's Life. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991. A biography about Joseph Pulitzer II and his dedication to making the Post-Dispatch a prestigious daily newspaper.
• Plaff, Daniel W. No Ordinary Joe: A Life of Joseph Pulitzer III. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2005. A biography of the newspaper publishing heir. Pulitzer III continued his grandfather's legacy and liberal vision as publisher and editor of the Post-Dispatch.
• Pulitzer, Joseph (1885-1955) Papers 1997-1958 WHMC-SL/0060This collection contains thousands of items pertaining to Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.'s life and the daily business of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. All available on microfilm.

Margaret Ray Vickery

Margaret Ray Vickery was an author and journalist from Salem, MO (Dent County), where she wrote for the Salem News from 1952-1971, including an award-winning column called "Sugar and Spice".

• Vickery, Margaret Ray. Papers, 1887-1974. WHMC-R/366. Vickery's papers contain clippings, correspondence, photographs, and miscellaneous historical research material, much of it used in her newspaper columns.
• Vickery, Margaret Ray. Ozark Stories of the Upper Current River. Salem, MO: Salem News, [1969?]. Vickery collected and wrote a history of the area.

POLITICANS

Thomas Hart Benton

Thomas Hart Benton was a five-term U.S. Senator for the State of Missouri. Benton was an advocate for Manifest Destiny and westward expansion. In 1849, he declared that he was "against the institution of slavery," however, he remained loyal to the pro-slavery Democratic Party until he died.

• Meigs, William Montgomery. The Life of Thomas Hart Benton. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1924. This book covers Benton from his early life in Mississippi to his career as a Senator from Missouri.
• Steward, Dick. Duels and the Roots of Violence in Missouri. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2000. Features a chapter in which Benton murders a man in a political duel.
• Kennedy, John F. Profiles in Courage. New York: Harper, 1956. John F. Kennedy thought Benton was courageous for remaining a Democrat in spite of his views on slavery and included him as a chapter in his book.
• Benton, Thomas Hart (1782-1858). Papers, 1804-1811. WHMC-C/1458. This collection contains various letters and papers of Benton's.

DeVerne and Ernest Calloway

DeVerne and Ernest Calloway both were active in politics in a variety of interesting ways. DeVerne Calloway was the first African-American woman elected to the Missouri House of Representatives, in 1962, where she served until she retired in 1982. Ernest Calloway was involved with union organizing and activism for many years, especially with the Teamsters, and in 1955 was elected president of the St. Louis NAACP. DeVerne and Ernest also published a St. Louis newspaper covering black politics and civil rights.

• Calloway, DeVerne. Papers, 1956-1983. WHMC-SL/0012. Addenda, 1929-1989. WHMC-SL/0551. D. Calloway's papers include correspondence, campaign literature, memoranda, committee meeting minutes, conference materials, public testimony, newsclippings, photos, and oral histories and primarily deal with her time as a legislator. The Addenda add much more personal and autobiographical materials to the collection, including educational records; family letters; subject file of causes, topics,people, etc. in which she was interested; scrapbooks; letters to prison inmates; photographs; and more.
• Calloway, Ernest. Papers, 1937-1983. WHMC-SL/0011. Addenda, 1932-1989. WHMC-SL/0540. Addenda, 1948-1984. WHMC-SL/0550.E. Calloway's papers include materials documenting his professional and political activities, including reports, memoranda, campaign materials, correspondence, speeches, public statements, studies, leaflets, literature, posters, sample ballots, newsclippings, political newspapers, statistics, photographs, and tapes. The first Addenda includes more material, including school records, career information, newspapers he published, church programs, photographs, and information assembled for professional work. The second Addenda includes more correspondence, project files, and tapes.
• Proud Magazine (1970- ) Collection, 1971-1981. WHMC-SL/0356. The first issue of Proud appeared in January 1970 as a monthly publication oriented toward the St. Louis black urban population. By the late 1980s, Proud could no longer publish on a regular schedule due to increased expenses. Includes articles written by Ernest Calloway and about DeVerne Calloway.
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Collection, 1930-1964. WHMC-SL/0389. Clippings, flyers and newsletters of the St. Louis branch of the NAACP.
• Cawthra, Benjamin. "Ernest Calloway: Labor, Civil Rights, and Black Leadership in St. Louis.” Gateway Heritage 21: 3 (2000-2001): 4-15. Brief biography of Ernest Calloway.

Stuart Symington

Stuart Symington was the first Secretary of the Air Force and a four-term Senator from Missouri. He was a prominent opponent of Joseph McCarthy, and took the lead in the Army-McCarthy Hearings which would lead to McCarthy being stripped of much of his power and credibility.

• Symington, W. Stuart (1901-1988). Papers, 1918-1995. WHMC-C/3874. Western Historical Manuscript Collection has the full range of Senator Symington's papers. The papers include: correspondence, limited family and personal correspondence, appointment books and calendars, audio and video recordings, campaign materials, select invitations and itineraries, limited pre-senatorial materials, photographs, press files, scrapbooks, selected Congressional testimonies, speeches, staff memoranda, voting records, and miscellaneous ephemera.
• Olson, James C. Stuart Symington: A Life. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2003. This book is the first full-length biography of Symington.
• McFarland, Linda. Cold War Strategist: Stuart Symington and the Search for National Security. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001. An interesting look at the evolution of Symington's thinking in regard to the Cold War. The book opens with Symington's beginnings as Secretary of the Air Force and strong supporter of the military to the dovish position he took during the Vietnam War.

Harry S Truman

Harry S Truman was a United States Senator as well as the 33rd President of the United States. After President Franklin D. Roosevelt's death in 1945, President Truman was faced with the decision to drop the atomic bomb. Other notable events during the Truman presidency include the forming of the United Nations, desegregation of the armed forces, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Airlift, and the Korean War.

• Truman Library and Museum. The Truman Library and Museum has a vast collection of online documents. It would also be beneficial to visit the Truman Library and Museum in Independence, MO if possible.
• McCullough, David, Truman New York:Simon & Schuster, 1992. This Pulitzer Prize winning book is the definitive Truman Biography.
• Truman, Harry S. The Autobiography of Harry S. Truman, ed. Robert H. Ferrell. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2002. This version of Truman's autobiography was reprinted as part of the "Give 'em hell Harry" series.

Harriett F. Woods

Harriett Woods was a journalist, television and film producer, and civic leader before being elected to the Missouri Senate in 1976. She was the second woman elected to the State Senate and served two terms, until 1984. She also ran for a U.S. Senate seat in 1982 and 1985 but lost. In 1984, she won election as Missouri's Lieutenant Governor, the first woman to be elected to a statewide office. Even after her retirement from political office, she remained active in politics, serving as president of the National Women's Political Caucus and lecturing at the University of Missouri-St. Louis.

• Woods, Harriett F. Papers, 1964-1980. WHMC-SL/0051. Addenda, 1975-1983. WHMC-SL/0490. Addenda, 1945-1999. WHMC-SL/0652.Woods's papers contain correspondence, pressure mail, Senate committee reports, senate bills, transcripts of committee hearings, newsletters to the Senator's constituents, television documentary scripts, published articles, campaign brochures and flyers, press releases, newspaper clippings, and photographs. They primarily document her first term as a State Senator. The first Addenda includes materials that cover her second term as State Senator and contains primarily legislative files and newsclippings. The second Addenda contains many scrapbooks that document Woods's life from college on, and includes newsclippings; correspondence; Harriett Woods Newsletters; awards; invitations, programs, and thank yous for speaking engagements; campaign pamphlets; calendars of events; articles by Woods; rough drafts of her book; and photographs.
• "Harriett Woods; Inspired Creation of Emily's List [Obituary]". Washington Post. February 10, 2007. B4. Washington Post obituary of Woods.

ENTERTAINERS

Chuck Berry

Chuck Berry is a famous guitarist and songwriter from St. Louis, Missouri. He is a member of the Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame and is considered one of the pioneers of Rock 'N' Roll. Despite being 81 years of age, he still performs on a regular basis.

• Chuck Berry Project Research Papers, 1958-1987. WHMC-SL/0196. A collection of documents, articles, and oral histories of Chuck Berry's career.
• Berry, Chuck. Chuck Berry: The Autobiography. New York: Harmony, 1987. Berry's autobiography offers unique insights into his life and career. The book includes the inspirations for many of his songs.
• Pegg, Bruce. Brown Eyed Handsome Man: The Life And Hard Times Of Chuck Berry New York: Routledge, 2005. A recent biography of Berry featuring a more historical view of his career. Pegg chronicles his life growing up in segregated St. Louis as well as details of his 1959 morals charge.

John William "Blind" Boone

Boone was a musician and composer of classical and ragtime music. Despite being blind since the age of six months, he was able to easily learn and play music and toured all over the Midwest. As the first performer to play ragtime music on concert stages, he helped make the musical style more accepted.

• Blind Boone Memorial Foundation, Inc. Papers, 1886-1976. WHMC-C/3664. This collection includes some of Boone's compositions, orchestrations and choral arrangements of his music, correspondence, programs, and posters from a memorial concert in 1961. Correspondence concerning recovery of Boone's piano and posters and tickets from some of Boone's concerts are also part of the collection.
• Boone, John William Blind and Wesley. Papers. WHMC-C/2883.A publicity poster announcing the appearance of Blind Boone in Columbia, MO and a program of a piano concert of Little Blind Wesley, nephew of Blind Boone are included in this collection.
• Batterson, Jack A. Blind Boone: Missouri's Ragtime Pioneer. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1998. Comprehensive biography of Boone.

Walt Disney

Walt Disney was an innovator in filmmaking, animation, and theme park design. Disney started his artistic career drawing for newspapers in Kansas City before moving to Hollywood and founding the Walt Disney Company with his brother, Roy Disney. As a result of the groundbreaking animation done at Walt Disney Studios, he won twenty-six Academy Awards. Before his death, he would also oversee the construction of two theme parks. The company he founded is now an entertainment empire grossing 35 billion dollars annually.

• Watts, Steven. Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2001. An interesting biography of Disney, examining the film legend in light of cultural and social movements within America.
• Gabler, Neal. Walt Disney: the Triumph of the American Imagination. New York: Knopf, 2006. This huge Walt Disney biography covers every aspect of Disney's life in great detail.
• Walt Disney Family Museum A website dedicated to Disney's life and legacy. Although it is entirely run by the company he founded, it still has many interesting articles, photographs, and interviews with family members.

Jane Froman

Jane Froman was a singer and a radio, theater, television, and movie star from the 1930s to the 1950s. She performed on several USO tours during World War II and survived a tragic plane crash on one of them, which required her to undergo many surgeries over the rest of her life. The 1952 movie, With a Song in My Heart, starring Susan Hayward, was based on Froman's life story. Originally from Missouri, she also retired there in 1962 at the age of 55.

• Froman, Jane. Papers, 1891-1980. WHMC-C/3695. Collection. WHMC-C/3940. The Jane Froman Papers include her correspondence, financial records, memorabilia, musical arrangements, record albums, tapes, films, scrapbooks, and photographs. They also have material on radio, movie musicals, the USO, theater and club appearances, television, and popular music of the 1930s through the 1950s. Some papers of Froman's mother are also in this collection. In the Jane Froman Collection, recordings of her performances and interviews of Jane Froman are included.
• Stone, Ilene. Jane Froman : Missouri's First Lady of Song. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2003. A recent, comprehensive biography of Froman.
• Jane Froman Centennial Site. This site details events related to the large celebration of Froman's 100th birthday, held in Columbia, MO. It also includes extensive biographical information, photographs, and timelines.

Ernest Kroeger

Dr. Ernest Kroeger was a noted composer, pianist, organist, lecturer, and writer on musical subjects. He directed the music for the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, founded a school of music in his name, and also ran the music departments at Washington University, several schools and teacher associations. His published compositions were considered some of the best American work.

• Kroeger Family. Papers, 1850-1960. WHMC-SL/0482. This collection contains correspondence, documents, publications, notes, and photographs relating to Ernest R. Kroeger and his immediate family members.
• Ernest Richard Kroeger Archive. Washington University Gaylord Music Library. Kroeger's collection includes sound recordings, photographs, writings, lectures, scores, works, programs, notes, brochures, correspondence, research, and manuscripts.
• "Music and Musicians" The New York Times. June 7, 1903. Special to The New York Times, p. 26. This brief article reports on Kroeger's plans for music for the "St. Louis Exposition".

FOLK LEGENDS INFAMOUS AND FAMOUS

Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson

Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson was raised in Franklin County, Missouri. Carson was a famed guide, trapper, frontiersman, solider, and Indian agent. Carson was the subject of several dime novels portraying him as a sort of Western superhero. Some recent historians portray Carson more negatively as an Indian killer.

• Roberts, David. A Newer World: Kit Carson, John C. Frémont, and the Claiming of the American West. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. This book recounts the expeditions of John C. Frémont and Kit Carson. These expeditions started a wave of settlements to the American West.
• Sides, Hampton. Blood and Thunder: The Epic Story of Kit Carson and the Conquest of the American West. New York: Doubleday, 2006. A popular history of Carson's expedition into the American West.
• Carson, Kit. Kit Carson's autobiography, ed. Milo Milton Quaife. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1966. A ghost-written autobiography of the illiterate Carson.

James-Younger Gang

The James-Younger Gang were perhaps the most famous outlaws in American history. The gang was comprised mainly of former Confederate Bushwhackers and was led by Frank and Jesse James. The gang was responsible for numerous bank, stagecoach, and train robberies from 1866-1882. Jesse James, in particular, became an iconic folk hero.

• Stiles, T. J. Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War. New York: A.A. Knopf, 2002. A revisionist account of the outlaw Jessie James that portrays him as a Confederate partisan.
• Yeatman, Ted P. Frank and Jesse James : The Story Behind the Legend. Nashville: Cumberland House, 2000. Comprehensive study of the James brothers, including an extensive bibliograpy for additional references.
• Smith, Robert B. The Last Hurrah of the James-Younger Gang. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001. An account of the gang's robbery of the First National Bank.
• Settle, William A., Jr. Papers, c. 1920-1987. WHMC-C/3896. Settle, a Missouri native, and University of Tulsa professor, did extensive research on the James brothers, which is contained in this collection, as well as a variety of other materials.
• Bronaugh-Bushnell Papers, 1852-1930. WHMC-C/0079. The Bronaugh and Bushnell families were southern sympathizers during the Civil War. The collection contains letters between W.C. Bronaugh and Frank James.
• Edwards, John Newman. Letters, 1882-1883. WHMC-C/1531 Letters from an old friend containing info and advice to Frank James, who was in hiding, concerning public opinion, the reward out for his capture, and negotiations concerning his surrender to Crittenden and reaction to the news of Jesse's death.
• McClurg, Joseph Washington. Telegram, 1869. WHMC-C/1746. A telegram from the capital to the sheriff with instructions regarding formation of a militia to catch the James brothers. The telegram mentions a reward available for the capture of the James brothers.
• Hoffman, Harry C. Collection. WHMC-C/3507. Episodes in the lives of Frank James, the Younger brothers and others, as told by Hoffman, who knew them and defended some of their actions.
• Younger, Cole. Papers, 1915. WHMC-C/1670. Application by Cole Younger for Confederate veteran's pension, data on his Civil War service, correspondence between Missouri and U.S. adjutants-general about Younger, and news clipping about John McCorkle's book, Three Years with Quantrill.
• Buel, James W. The Border Outlaws. St. Louis: Historical Publishing Company, 1881. Buel was the only author with whom the Youngers agreed to talk, because he was a fellow Missourian. Buel was permitted by Warden Reed to conduct an interview with the Youngers at Stillwater, the only full-length interview known from their prison years.

William Clarke Quantrill

William Clarke Quantrill was the leader of a band of Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War. He was largely responsible for the massacre in Lawrence, Kansas in which 200 men and boys were slaughtered. Members of Quantrill's raiders included those who later became the James-Younger Gang and they continued to employ his tactics. Although considered infamous today, he was considered a folk hero by Southern sympathizers.

• Gregg, William H. "A Little Dab of History Without Embellishment" [1906]. WHMC-C/1113. Gregg served under Quantrill during the Civil War. In his journal, he talks about Quantrill and the raid on Lawrence.
• Leslie, Edward E. The Devil Knows How to Ride: The True Story of William Clarke Quantrill and His Confederate Raiders. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. This book gives a balanced look at Quantrill and his Civil War activities.
• Goodrich, Thomas. Bloody Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991. Provides a narrative of the August 21, 1863 raid of Lawrence, Kansas.

BUSINESSPEOPLE

A. P. Green

A. P. Green was an astute businessperson, whose company was a leading manufacturer in the refractory (fired brick) bussiness. His brick factories brought many jobs to Missouri and helped spur one of the largest periods of growth in Missouri industry. Green is also the grandfather of Missouri politician Christopher "Kit" Bond.